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Often likened to Switzerland in Europe, Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous paradise where over 80% of the country is covered by the Tian Shan range. The landscape features a stunning mix of mountains, valleys, steppes, meadows, forests, and even some deserts.
Surrounded by Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan is landlocked, with all its rivers flowing into closed drainage systems that never reach the sea. This isolation, however, enhances its allure for nature enthusiasts, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking breathtaking natural beauty.
In recent years, Kyrgyzstan has made significant strides in developing its tourism sector. While it lacks a coastline, the country offers summer lake tourism, and its mountainous terrain supports a growing winter sports industry. Nature excursions and thermal tourism are also popular, alongside the country’s abundant forests and the famed Issyk Kul Lake.
History
The history of Kyrgyzstan dates back to the Scythians, with the Kyrgyz state reaching its peak in 840 AD after overcoming the Uyghur Khanate. From the 10th century, the Kyrgyz migrated throughout the Tian Shan region, maintaining control for about 200 years.
In 1207, they became part of the Mongol Empire. Later, they faced invasions from the Manchurian Qing dynasty in the mid-18th century and the Uzbek Khanate of Kokand in the early 19th century, eventually falling under Russian rule and later becoming part of the Soviet Union until achieving independence.
Cultural Heritage
The Burana Tower and Tash Rabat Caravanserai
These historical landmarks reflect the rich cultural legacy of the region.
The Epic of Manas
The Epic of Manas, a cornerstone of Kyrgyz literature, tells the story of the legendary hero Manas and his battles against the Uyghurs in the 9th century. Spanning nearly 500,000 verses—twenty times longer than Homer’s works—it has been passed down orally by respected minstrels for generations.
Today, at least 65 printed versions exist, with a new English translation published in 1995 for Manas's thousandth anniversary. The epic is divided into three books, featuring Manas, his son Semetei, and his grandson Seitek. In 2013, it was recognized by UNESCO as part of the "Kyrgyz Epic Trilogy."
Eagle Hunting
Eagle hunting is a cherished tradition in Kyrgyzstan, where nomads have historically trained eagles for hunting. While falconry has become more common, skilled hunters, known as berkutchis, still train golden eagles today, preserving this ancient practice.
Training an eagle involves years of patience and dedication, fostering a deep bond between the bird and its trainer. When hunting, the eagle waits for its master’s command before pursuing prey, which can include rabbits, foxes, and even young wolves.
Nature and Landscape
Kyrgyzstan, with an area of 199,951 km² and a population of approximately 6.5 million, is bordered by China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The Tian Shan mountains dominate the landscape, with 94% of the country being mountainous and elevations typically above 1,500 meters.
The climate varies significantly, from dry continental in the mountains to subtropical in the southwest. Extreme temperature fluctuations are common, with winters being harsh, especially in high-altitude areas, while summers can be intensely hot.
Horseback Riding
Horseback riding is an ideal way to explore Kyrgyzstan's pristine landscapes. The country boasts over 2,000 lakes and is renowned for its robust horse culture. Whether for a few hours or several weeks, riding excursions allow visitors to immerse themselves in the natural beauty of this mountainous haven.
In summary, Kyrgyzstan offers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant cultural traditions, making it an exceptional destination for travelers.
Kyrgyzstan is a year-round destination, with summer being the peak tourist season. The best months to visit are July and August, when the country's mountains and lakes are at their finest. During this time, pastures are dotted with yurts, fruits and vegetables are in abundance, and the weather is warm. Activities like day hikes, multi-day treks, and mountain biking are ideal for summer travelers. Many Kyrgyz people, who are semi-nomadic, move to the mountain pastures during school holidays, which last from late May to early September. They set up yurts, and some are available for tourists.
Be prepared for cooler temperatures at higher altitudes, even in summer, and bring a jacket if you're venturing above 2,000 meters. In lower cities like Bishkek and Osh, located around 900 meters above sea level, temperatures can exceed 40°C. Winter brings heavy snow, which can close some roads, but the colder mountainous regions are perfect for skiing. Kyrgyzstan has several ski resorts with lifts and excellent opportunities for freeriding.
Spring and autumn are generally not the best times to visit. In spring, snow begins to melt from the ski slopes, but high passes remain covered, limiting trekking options. Winter ski resorts close, and shepherds only set up yurts in July and August.
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The best time for hiking is primarily in July and August, although mid-June to September can also work. Horseback riding is available year-round, while cycling is best from June to September, as it involves crossing high passes. For skiing, the ideal season is from December to March. Rafting is best between August and October due to glacier melt, while easy kayaking can be enjoyed throughout spring, summer, and fall. True eagle hunting occurs in winter, with summer reserved for showcasing the birds.
Main International Airport:
Turkish Airlines
Air Astana
Pegasus Airlines
Uzbekistan Airways
Aeroflot
Qatar Airways
Kyrgyzstan is known as one of the safest countries in the world for travelers. It's an ideal destination for those seeking adventure in stunning mountainous landscapes and a chance to connect with nomadic cultures. However, navigating this beautiful country can present some challenges.
The language barrier is a significant factor, as very few locals speak English. This can make communication difficult, especially in areas with limited tourist infrastructure. On the positive side, the Kyrgyz people are generally very friendly and eager to help. While individual experiences may vary, most visitors find the locals to be welcoming and hospitable.
Kyrgyzstan is a haven for tourists and backpackers, with its life largely centered around its majestic mountains. In 2018, the British Backpacker Society ranked Kyrgyzstan as the "fifth best adventure travel destination in the world." Visitor numbers have surged, growing from around 450,000 in the early 2000s to over 3 million in 2017, with increasing interest in eco-friendly and community-based tourism.
While there have been political tensions in recent years, with some security concerns at the borders with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, such incidents are usually localized and not a threat to tourists. The primary safety risks tend to be natural, such as landslides and avalanches during trekking.
For backpackers and independent travelers, Kyrgyzstan offers a unique experience filled with breathtaking landscapes and opportunities to meet real nomads. Although it is largely safe, being aware of local issues is essential for a smooth and enjoyable trip.
Kyrgyz holidays blend elements from Turkic, Soviet, international, and Islamic traditions. Notable celebrations include the National Horse Festival, the Birds of Prey Festival, and the Kyrgyz Kochu Festival. The traditional nomadic lifestyle remains alive in rural areas and is celebrated as a core aspect of the culture, with horses playing a central role in many festivities, followed closely by birds of prey.
New Year’s celebrations in Kyrgyzstan feature parties, fireworks, and various festivities, similar to other parts of the world. However, the true New Year for Turkic people is the Navroz holiday, an ancient Central Asian festival marking renewal and rebirth around the spring equinox, celebrated over two days in March.
Muslim holidays, such as Ramadan and Qurban Ait, are observed according to the Hijri calendar. Ramadan is a month of fasting, during which some businesses and restaurants operate only during dinner, though many remain open throughout the day. Qurban Ait, or the Feast of Sacrifice, is a time for prayer, reflection, and family gatherings.
International Women’s Day is also recognized in Kyrgyzstan, along with several holidays from the Soviet era, such as Victory Day, Labour Day, and Defenders of the Fatherland Day (Men’s Day). Since gaining independence, Kyrgyzstan has celebrated its Independence Day, Constitution Day, and the Days of History and Memory of Ancestors. Independence Day is marked with pride across the country, particularly in the capital, where parades, exhibitions, folk events, concerts, and demonstrations take place. Additionally, People's April Revolution Day is observed on April 7 to commemorate the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010.
Eastern Orthodox Christmas is another significant holiday, celebrated on January 7 by around a million Orthodox Christians in Kyrgyzstan. The Bishop of Bishkek and Kyrgyzstan offers congratulations to believers from the Bishkek Holy Resurrection Cathedral.
While some businesses may close for major holidays, enough remain open to ensure that visitors face minimal inconvenience. However, border stations and government offices may be closed, so it’s advisable to check in advance to avoid any issues.
Overview
Travel season
Flights
Safety
Festivity
Traditions
National cuisine
Natural world
